肉苁蓉
【气味】甘、咸，温，无毒。
【功效】补肾阳；益精血；润肠通便；强筋骨。
--摘自《本草纲目》
现代药理研究
肉苁蓉富含苯乙醇苷类、环烯醚萜及其苷类、木脂素及其苷类、糖类等有效成分[1-6]。具有很好的抗氧化[2]、改善肠道健康[3]、护肝[4]、润肠通便[5]、降血糖[6]等作用。具有丰富的药用价值、营养价值和经济价值。
[1]况慧,蒋依伶,康峰,等.食药同源肉苁蓉成分活性研究及产业现状.中国食品学报,1-11[2026-01-01].https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.4528.TS.20251129.0942.002.
[2]萨拉麦提·艾迪热斯,古丽菲热·伊力哈木,阿塔吾拉·铁木尔,等.管花肉苁蓉饮片炮制工艺优化及其调节巨噬细胞抗氧化应激机制研究.时珍国医国药,2025,36(23):4491-4499.
[3]徐笑松,杜丽鹏,罗紫悦,等.肉苁蓉多糖抑制NLRP3炎性小体活化改善肠道衰老.中国实验方剂学杂志,1-10[2026-01-01].https://doi.org/10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252137.
[4]王倩倩,杨建华,耿若愚,等.基于网络药理学和细胞实验探讨肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用.中成药,2025,47(10):3437-3443.
[5]薛玉,毕嘉钰,李晓华,等.中药肉苁蓉补肾润肠的理论和实践研究进展.中华中医药学刊,1-12[2026-01-01].https://link.cnki.net/urlid/21.1546.R.20250814.1708.018.
[6]程世赞,廉婧,聂紫璇,等.肉苁蓉不同提取部位对db/db小黑鼠降血糖作用.药学研究,2024,43(01):6-14.DOI:10.13506/j.cnki.jpr.2024.01.002.
现代医学中的应用
肉苁蓉已被证实是一种预防酒精性脂肪肝[1]、骨质疏松性关节炎[2]、缓解便秘[3]、缓解卵巢早衰[4]、缓解炎症性肠病[5]、降血糖[6]等的有效药物，肉苁蓉及其制剂在现代医学领域有着广泛的应用前景。
[1] Wang K, Wang H, Sun Q, et al. Polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola Ma prevent alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice.Int Immunopharmacol. 2025;156:114707. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114707
[2] Wang F, Zheng Y, Zhao J, et al. Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma protects rats against osteoporotic osteoarthritis by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase B/hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha signaling pathway.J Ethnopharmacol. 2026;355(Pt B):120681. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.120681
[3] Yu Z, Zhang Z, Hu C, et al. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide alleviates constipation by regulating intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiota and their metabolites.Am J Transl Res. 2024;16(11):7036-7053. Published 2024 Nov 15. doi:10.62347/RQBJ2018
[4] Qiu Y, Li J, Zhang Y, et al. Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides enhance female germline stem cell differentiation through BMP/SMAD signaling to mitigate premature ovarian failure.Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;304(Pt 2):140848. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140848
[5] Qiao M, Xue T, Zhu Y, Yang J, Hu J. Polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola mitigate inflammatory bowel disease via modulating intestinal microbiota and SRC/EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;308(Pt 2):142452. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142452
[6] Xue TT, Zheng DX, Hou Q, et al. Optimization of Extraction Process, Structural Characterization, and Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity Evaluation of Polysaccharides From the Medicinal and Edible Plant: Cistanche deserticola Ma.Phytochem Anal. 2025;36(5):1333-1350. doi:10.1002/pca.3512
