乌梅
【气味】酸,平,无毒。
【功效】敛肺止咳;涩肠止泻;生津止渴;安蛔止痛;止血解毒。
--摘自《本草纲目》
现代药理研究
乌梅富含槲皮素、山柰酚、有机酸、挥发油、氨基酸、甾醇、黄酮和多糖等有效成分[1-6]。具有很好的保护肠道[2]、抗肿瘤[3]、抗抑郁、抗焦虑[4]、安神[5]、解热镇痛[6]等作用。具有丰富的药用价值、营养价值和经济价值。
[1]李志军,舒兴美,贺磊,等.乌梅丸的现代临床应用与作用机制研究进展.上海中医药杂志,2025,59(11):17-22+51.DOI:10.16305/j.1007-1334.2025.z20250430005.
[2]李开楊,杨梅,黄敬,等.乌梅丸治疗溃疡性结肠炎相关分子机制研究进展.中华中医药学刊,1-19[2025-12-11].https://link.cnki.net/urlid/21.1546.r.20251127.1535.018.
[3]周明明,代欣宇,彭海燕.乌梅丸治疗消化系统肿瘤研究进展.实用中医内科杂志,1-6[2025-12-11].https://link.cnki.net/urlid/21.1187.R.20251010.1644.004.
[4]王浩,王杰鹏,方朝义,等.乌梅丸调控BDNF/TrkB/PLCγ1途径改善突触可塑性缓解CUMS大鼠焦虑和抑郁样行为机制研究.时珍国医国药,2025,36(19):3661-3669.
[5]林璆,刘海儿,徐翠娴,等.近十年乌梅丸加减治疗失眠的系统分析//中国睡眠研究会.第十七届中国睡眠研究会学术年会论文摘要汇编.福建中医药大学附属三明中西医结合医院;三明市中西医结合医院;,2025:285.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2025.052756.
[6]尹皑.加味乌梅散水提物解热、镇痛和抗炎作用的研究.中国兽医杂志,2022,58(12):45-48+57.
现代医学中的应用
乌梅已被证实是一种加速结肠粘膜愈合[1]、抗癌[2]、清除自由基[3]、护肝[4]、改善血液流动性[5]、体外抑制甲型流感病毒[6]等的有效药物,乌梅及其制剂在现代医学领域有着广泛的应用前景。
[1] Zhang J, Li Z, Zhang Y, et al. Mume Fructus (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) extract accelerates colonic mucosal healing of mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium through potentiation of cPLA2-mediated lysophosphatidylcholine synthesis.Phytomedicine. 2023;119:154985. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154985
[2] Bailly C. Anticancer properties of Prunus mume extracts (Chinese plum, Japanese apricot).J Ethnopharmacol. 2020;246:112215. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112215
[3] Lee SY, Lee SJ, Hur SJ. Effects of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc. extract and its biopolymer encapsulation on a mouse model of colitis.J Sci Food Agric. 2017;97(2):686-692. doi:10.1002/jsfa.7790
[4] Khan A, Pan JH, Cho S, Lee S, Kim YJ, Park YH. Investigation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc Extract in a Mouse Model of Alcoholic Liver Injury Through High-Resolution Metabolomics.J Med Food. 2017;20(8):734-743. doi:10.1089/jmf.2016.3874
[5] Chuda Y, Ono H, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Matsumoto K, Nagata T, Kikuchi Y. Mumefural, citric acid derivative improving blood fluidity from fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc).J Agric Food Chem. 1999;47(3):828-831. doi:10.1021/jf980960t
[6] Yingsakmongkon S, Miyamoto D, Sriwilaijaroen N, et al. In vitro inhibition of human influenza A virus infection by fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese plum (Prunus mume SIEB. et ZUCC).Biol Pharm Bull. 2008;31(3):511-515. doi:10.1248/bpb.31.511
黎怡生(久健本康编辑部)