山楂
【气味】味酸、甘，性温，无毒。
【功效】消食化积，活血化瘀，行气止痛，化浊降脂，止痢止泻。
--摘自《本草纲目》
现代药理研究
山楂富含有机酸、黄酮、多糖、多酚、萜类和木质素等有效成分[1-7]。具有很好的干预胰岛素抵抗[2]、调节脂质代谢[3]、抗氧化[4]、保护心血管[5]、改善肝功能[6]及抗肿瘤[7]等方面的作用。具有丰富的药用价值、营养价值和经济价值。
[1]赵悦,左军,胡晓阳,等.山楂叶和山楂果的化学成分及药理作用研究进展.中医药导报,2025,31(08):145-151.DOI:10.13862/j.cn43-1446/r.2025.08.023.
[2]陈熠飞,黄广为,陶琳,等.山楂叶总黄酮对糖尿病大鼠周围神经病变影响的研究.中国药物滥用防治杂志,2024,30(11):2022-2026.DOI:10.15900/j.cnki.zylf1995.2024.11.016.
[3]宓伟,于敏,李宁,等.基于AMPK/SREBP-1c分子通路的山楂原花青素调控脂质代谢机制.食品科学,2023,44(15):129-136.
[4]何明媚.基于植物代谢组学研究山楂和焦山楂化学成分及抗氧化活性.承德医学院,2025.DOI:10.27691/d.cnki.gcdyx.2025.000166.
[5]赵华云,王文会,陈伟强,等.山楂消脂胶囊对冠心病患者颈动脉IMT和心脑血管事件发生率的影响.中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2014,12(02):132-134.
[6] 何峰,张雪莲,温祥臣.山楂酸对高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝模型小鼠炎症反应及氧化应激的影响.中国药房,2019,30(07):901-905.
[7]张妍,李厚伟,孙建平,等.山楂果总黄酮的提取分离及体外抗肿瘤活性.中草药,2004,(07):72-74.
现代医学中的应用
山楂已被证实是一种治疗动脉粥样硬化[1,6]、抗肿瘤[2-3]、降低胆固醇[4]、缓解胃肠道炎症[5]、改善2型糖尿病[7]、治疗冠心病[8]等的有效药物，山楂及其制剂在现代医学领域有着广泛的应用前景。
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[5] Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang J, et al. Vitexin alleviates MNNG-induced chronic atrophic gastritis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.J Ethnopharmacol. 2025;340:119272. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.119272
[6] Li D, Li Y, Yang S, et al. Polydatin combined with hawthorn flavonoids alleviate high fat diet induced atherosclerosis by remodeling the gut microbiota and glycolipid metabolism.Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1515485. Published 2025 Mar 3. doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1515485
[7] Aierken A, Buchholz T, Chen C, Zhang X, Melzig MF. Hypoglycemic effect of hawthorn in type II diabetes mellitus rat model.J Sci Food Agric. 2017;97(13):4557-4561. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8323
[8] Feng T, Xu Q, Yu Z, et al. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of Danshen-Shanzha Decoction on coronary heart disease: An integrated analysis combining pharmacoinformatics and experimental validation.J Ethnopharmacol. 2025;337(Pt 1):118779. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.118779
黎怡生（久健本康编辑部）
